|
The Parthian Empire 63 B.C. - 226 A.D.
Parthian Prince statue from Harta Parthian Empire (247 B.C. - 224 A.D.)
a Brief Outline of Parthian History
Map of Parthian Empire map:site of the Parthian homeland in Khorasan
Revolt against the Seleucids Hecatompylos
Tiridates or Arsaces II ( 211 - 191 BC ) The conquest of Hyrcania Selucids strike back Dara, the new capital Antiochus occupies Hecatompylos Relations with Bactria
Head from Parthian soldier statue 2nd century B.C. Found in Nisa, Turkministan
Phraates I ( 176 BC to 171 BC )
Mithridates I (~195 BC - 138 BC) The Bactrian situation The Seleucid situation Mithridates invades Bactrian territory Mithridates invades Media Hyrcania Revolts The conquest of Elymais, Persia and Babylonia Renewal of attacks on Bactria Renewal of Seleucid attacks System of government established by Mithridates I. Constitution of the Parthians. Government of the Provinces. Laws and Institutions. Character of Mithridates I. The Greek towns in the Parthian empire Ctesiphon
Reign of Phraates II.(171 - 128 BC) Expedition of Antiochus Sidetes against Parthia. The army of Antiochus and Phraates II Antiochus attacks Phraates II, 130 B.C. Phraates releases Demetrius massacre of the Seleucids Death of Antiochus The Decline of the Seleucids Phraates tries to recapture Demetrius Scythian trouble Death of Phraates
a new danger Parthia goes on the offensive The death of Artabanus
Victory in the east War in Armenia contact with Rome map of Asia Minor 188 B.C. contact between Parthia and China Legacy of Mithridates
Roman Asia minor 63 B.C. Death of Phraates
Mithridates and Orodes civil war
Crassus vows to invade Parthia Orodes prepares map: route of Crassus' army Crassus in the Euphrates Parthians taunt Crassus Crassus attacks again, his army The plans of Orodes General Surena (84 - 52 BC) Parthain light cavalry and the ' Parthian Shot ' The Pathian heavy cavalry or Cataphracts The Roman army The traitor Abgarus Publius, son of Crassus The Parthian Cataphracts smash through the Testudo of the legion retreat at night The death of Crassus aftermath of the defeat Orodes in Armenia The ruin of Surena The Parthian invasion of Syria 51-50 B.C. Roman victory The intrigue of Bibulus Relations of Orodes with Pompey The plans of Caesar The Roman Civil war The Parthians invade Syria Phoenicia, and Palestine Pacorus in Palestine The Romans return, Publius Ventidius Parthian defeats in Syria The intrigue of Publius Ventidius, death of Pacorus Comparing the roman and Parthian military The last years of Orodes, his death
Monseses Antony plans invasion The invasion of Antony 36 B.C. Antony in Armenia Antony invades Media, disaster and retreat Quarrel between Phraates and the king of Media Artavasdes seized Median king defeated, Romans expelled from Armenia insurrection against Phraates Octavian and the Roman Standards Last Years of Phraates Phraates' sons sent to Rome revolution in Armenia Armenians ask Parthia for aid The death of Phraates, Phraataces ( r. 2 B.C. - 4 A.D. )and Musa Review of the life of Phraates
Phraataces sends an ambassador to Augustus treaty with the Romans hatred of Phraataces death of Phraataces
The short reign of Orodes III (4- 6 A.D.)
Death of Vonones Artabanus' Armenian gambit Taunting Tiberius Artabanus discovers the plot Trouble in Armenia Battle and death of Orodes Artabanus marches on Iberia conspiracy again
The return of Artabanus Situation of the Jewish population
Doubts as to the successor of Artabanus III. First short reign of Gotarzes.
Results of the Establishment of Tiridates in Armenia Relations of Volagases I. with Vespasian Invasion of Western Asia by Alani Death of Volagases I
Trajan starts war over Parthian king in Armenia Roman view of the Parthia situation Trajan commences his Eastern expedition - rejects Chosroes offer Trajan conquers Armenia, causes Parthamasiris to be killed Earthquake in Antioch Trajan conquers Nineveh, Arbela, and Gaugamala 116 Trajan takes Harta, Babylon , Seleucia and Ctesiphon Trajan sails down the Tigris to the Persian Gulf Revolt in Seleucia, Hatra, Nisibis Trajan makes Parthamaspates king of Parthia Trajan attacks Harta Chosroes expells Parthamaspates 117 AD Trajan dies 117 AD, Hadrian abandons Assyria and Mesopotamia Years of peace Death of Chosroes
Alani invasion 133 A.D. return of the throne
replaces Roman king in Armenia Parthians invade Syria Volagases defeated at Europus 163 A.D. Cassius invades Mesopotamia, victory at Sura, Ctesiphon taken strange disease causes havoc effect of the invasion on Parthia
Accession of Volagases IV 147 - 191 A.D. His Alliance sought by Pescennius Niger, Part taken by Parthia in the Contest between Niger and Severus, Mesopotamia revolts from Rome. First Eastern Expedition of Severus. Its Results. Second Expedition. Successes of Severus. His Failure at Hatra. General Results of the War. Death of Volagases IV
Struggle between the two Sons of Volagases IV., Volagases V. and Artabanus. Continued Sovereignty of both Princes. Ambition of Caracallus. His Proceedings in the East. His Resolve to quarrel with Parthia. First Proposal made by him to Artabanus. Perplexity of Artabanus. Caracallus invades Parthia. His Successes, and Death. Macrinus, defeated by Artabanus, consents to Terms of Peace. Revolt of the Persians under Artaxerxes. Prolonged Struggle. Death of Artabanus, and Downfall of the Parthian Empire
|
||||
