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226 - 51 A.D. The Persians in Seleucid and Parthian times Ardashir ends the Parthian empire The Eastern campaigns Ardashir and Rome Ardashir and the conquest of Armenia Ardashir revives Zoroastrianism Administrative reforms of Ardashir The death of Ardashir First Campaign against Rome 241 - 244 Gordian III victory and death Phillip the Arab Bactria Second war with Rome 258 - 260 Capture of Valerian 260 Miriades installed in power, Shapur retakes Asia Minor Emesa fights off Shapur A letter angers Shapur Odenathus' revenge Odenathus restores Roman rule in the East The fate of Valerian and his soldiers the Manichaens Death of Shapur 271 Relations with Zenobia Aurelian plans to invade the Sassanid empire Emperor Carus invades Mysterious death of Emperor Carus Roman retreat Diocletian and Tiridates of Armenia Loss of Armenia death of Bahram II 282 Bahram III 293 Victory in Armenia, war with Diocletian "Lord of the Shoulders," Persecution of Christians death of Constantine Armenia converts to Christianity War between Rome and the Sassanids again Shapur tries to regain Mesopotamia Siege of Nisibis Armenian king replaced The battle of Singara, 348 Novel siege of Nisibis 350 A tacit truce Arsaces offers to wed Roman Shapur's eastern wars Romans offer peace Shapur's reply Battle for Amida Fall of Amida Sangara attacked Emperor Julian The character of Julian Julian Plans invasion Shapur sends an envoy to Julian Julian and Arsaces, king of Armenia The army of Julian Julian Starts the invasion Julian enters Sassanid territory Anathan burned, tomb of Gordian III Sassanids appear Julian sends Shaprus brother to treat Perisabor, attacks sack of Maoga-malcha Ctesiphon Roman fleet crosses the Tigris Roman victory outside Ctesiphon Retreat decided upon, fleet burned Battle of Maranga 363 Death of Julian Sassans attack Roman army escapes Shapur sends envoys Shapur's terms Peace Armenia the Castle of Oblivion Attack on Armenia Shapur invades roman territory 371 Death of Shapur II Affiars in Armenia Garrison of 10,000 slaughetered in Armenia War with Armenia Roman and Sassanid partition of Armenia, 36 years of peace with Roman empire Death of Ardashir II 383 Shapur or Sapor III 383 to 388 Varahran or Bahram IV 388 - 399 Armenia Death of Bahram IV Protection of Arcadius' son Yazdegerd and the Christians Armenia Yezd Death of Yazdegerd Succession trouble Persecution of Christians War with Byzantium Bahram takes army to Nisibis Theodosiopolis attacked Single combat to decide war Peace Acacius, bishop of Amida Armenia Invasion of the Hephthalite or white Huns Bahram's subterfuge Bahram in India Death of Bahram Yazdegerd declares war on Byzantine empire War in Transoxiania Armenians revolt over forced conversion to Zoroastrianism Sever defeat in the north west against the White Huns Death of Yazdegerd Civil War the great famine War with the Hephthalites Peroz's army trapped Armenia War with the Hephthalite again, the pillar Disaster of the Ditch, death of Peroz Hephthalite Help Khazar war The communistic prophet, Mazdak Decision to depose Kobad in favor of Zamasp reign of Zamasp 498 - 501 The second reign of Kobad Mazdak no longer supported War with Byzantium Kobad invades roman Armenia Hephthalite invasion, Roman advance Justin and Kobad Mazdakite plot, Mazdakites massacred Iberia Belisarius in Mesopotamia The battle of Callinicus death of Kobad Chosroes I or Khosrau I (Anushirwari 'The Just') r. 531 - 579 Chosroes was proclaimed lawful monarch Plot of Zanies Persecution of the followers of Mazdak The ' endless peace ' between Persia and the Byzantine empire victories of the Byzantine empire Chosroes urgered to attack before it is ' too late ' Chosroes marches on Antioch: Suron map of Roman Syria Hierapolis ransomed Antioch Apameia Persian Antioch built for captives Location of Lazica The LAZIO WAR The War in Mesopotamia 5 years truce siege of Petra Sassanid defeat Peace terms Arabia Yemen war war in the north-east with the Turks Chosroes rejects Turkish alliance, Turks turn to Byzantine empire Byzantines refuse payment Daras surrenders 573 truce Armenian wars death of Chosroes Administration of Persia under Chosroes I. 4 governments Taxes preventing extortion reforms of the army a curious anecdote agriculture increasing population a patron of science and learning religious toleration Hormisdas or Hormizd IV 579 - 590 Hormizd continues thr Byzantine war civil unrest, trouble in the east Turks defeated Bahram insulted, revolts insurgent army marches on Ctesiphon
Chosroes or Khosrau II r. 590 - 628 relationship with general Bahram Battle with Bahram Chosroes flees to the Byzantine court Bahram declares himself king battles with Bahram for the empire Bahram defeated, flees to the Turks The second reign of Chosroes I Bahram murdered by the Turk Queen Chosroes' harem plan of depopulating Armenia 11 years of peace with the Byzantine empire Phocas murders the Byzantine emperor, becomes emperor, Chosroes declares war Antioch sacked Heraclius deposes Phocas, invasion of Damascus and Jerusalem the ' true Cross ' sent to Ctesiphon Egypt conquered Sassanid general Shahen at the gates of Byzantium Avars approach Byzantium victories of Heraclius Chosroes plans to end war through seige of Constantinople, Heraclius divides his forces Byzantines defend Constantinople with Greek fire The battle of Nineveh 627 Chosroes continues war, deposed and murdered
The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah 636 Peace with the Byzantine empire massacre of the brothers death of Kobad Plague
Ardashir III or Artaxerxes III 628 - 630
death of Ardashir III, Shahr-baraz 630
death of Shahr-baraz
Queen Purandocht 630 - 631
Yezdigerd or Yazdgerd III, the last Sassanid king 632 - 651 The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah 636 Architecture Tagh-i Karsa symbol of Ctesiphon Statues bas-reliefs ranks in the empire Costumes Metalwork Textiles winter carpet of Chosroes |
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